The Colorado R&D tax credit, explained

Colorado's R&D credit is narrow: 3% of increased research spending, and only inside a designated Enterprise Zone.

Last verified July 2026 against Colorado Office of Economic Development and International Trade guidance.

The short answer

Yes, but only in a limited form. Colorado does not have a general statewide R&D credit available to every company. Instead, it offers the Enterprise Zone Research and Experimental Activities Tax Credit, worth 3% of the increase in a company's qualified research spending inside a designated Colorado Enterprise Zone.

Colorado at a glance

State credit
Yes
Rate
3% of increased research spending inside a certified Enterprise Zone
Refundable
No, and only 25% of earned credit can be used per year
Carryforward
Carries forward until used, no fixed year limit
State form
Form DR 1366 (Enterprise Zone Credit and Carryforward Schedule)
Last verified
July 2026

Only research physically conducted inside a certified Enterprise Zone qualifies, and businesses must pre-certify with the local zone administrator before starting the work.

How the Colorado credit works

The increase is measured against the average of the company's qualified research spending in that zone over the prior two years. Research done outside a certified Enterprise Zone does not qualify, no matter how similar the work is.

The credit is not refundable, and Colorado limits use to 25% of the total earned credit per year, so even a company with full Colorado tax liability spreads the benefit over several years. Unused credit carries forward with no fixed year limit until it is fully used.

How it stacks with the federal credit

Colorado's credit stacks with the federal R&D credit, though the two are very different in size. The federal credit runs roughly 6% to 10% of qualified spending, and startups under $5 million in revenue can apply up to $500,000 of it against payroll tax each year. Colorado's 3% enterprise zone rate applies only to the increase in spending, not the full amount, so it produces a much smaller number.

Take a Denver hardware startup with 9 engineers and an average salary of $120,000, or about $1.08 million in wages. If the company is inside a certified Enterprise Zone and its qualified research spending there rose by $400,000 compared to the prior two-year average, the Colorado credit would be about $12,000 at 3%, and the company could use 25% of it, or $3,000, against tax in the first year.

At a federal rate near 9%, the same $1.08 million in spending could produce about $97,000 in federal credit, most of it usable against payroll tax right away. The two numbers are not close, which is normal in Colorado. Companies should treat the state credit as a modest bonus for zone-based research, not a primary reason to locate work there. This is an example, and actual figures depend on zone certification, prior-year spending, and each company's location.

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Eligibility and how to claim it

Only companies conducting qualified research physically inside a certified Colorado Enterprise Zone can claim this credit. Colorado periodically redraws zone boundaries, so a company in downtown Denver or central Boulder may be outside a zone even if a nearby address is inside one.

Companies have to pre-certify their research with the local Enterprise Zone administrator before starting the work, then apply for certification of the actual spending afterward through the Colorado Office of Economic Development and International Trade. The credit is then claimed on Form DR 1366, the Enterprise Zone Credit and Carryforward Schedule, filed with the Colorado income tax return.

Claimship prepares the underlying research documentation. Your CPA is the one who confirms enterprise zone eligibility and files the Colorado return and DR 1366 with the Colorado Department of Revenue.

Official source: Colorado Office of Economic Development and International Trade.

Carryforward and deadlines

Enterprise Zone pre-certification has to happen before the research starts, not after, so this is one of the few state credits where timing matters before the tax year even begins. Companies planning Colorado research should check zone status and pre-certify early.

Once earned, credit carries forward with no fixed expiration until it is used, but only 25% of the total credit can be applied against tax in any single year, so full use of a large credit can take several years even with steady Colorado tax liability.

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